{"addToTopicNum":0,"articleModel":0,"author":"","broadcastAudio":"","carousel":0,"carouselColor":"","channelCoverImgs":"","channelId":"ba8e8afde9c04a52922ff0f4024f496d","channelName":"","commentCount":0,"containVideo":0,"contentType":1,"createType":"","createtime":"2023-11-17 08:09:46","culturalactivitySubscribe":0,"description":"","duration":0,"footShow":0,"id":"347c949cec9d4e16953fa0b2d3b72d3c","initvisitCount":0,"isCollect":0,"isComment":1,"isPaid":0,"isPraise":0,"isPush":0,"isRefuse":0,"isReward":0,"isShield":0,"isTop":0,"isVr":0,"ischeck":1,"isfreeze":0,"keyword":"","lables":{},"lastpublishTime":"2023-11-17 08:50:52","leaders":"","linkType":0,"longCode":"","m3u8Url":"","mCarouselChannel":0,"mCarouselImg":"","mCarouselImg_s":"","mCarouselVideo":"","mCarouselVideoClip":"","mCoverImg":"/preview/ckxxapp.ckxx.net/upload/news/image/2023/11/17/eeaf310086d34d4692925147f7754272.JPEG","mCoverImg1":"","mCoverImg1_s":"","mCoverImg2":"","mCoverImg2_s":"","mCoverImg3":"","mCoverImg3_s":"","mCoverImg_s":"/preview/ckxxapp.ckxx.net/upload/news/image/2023/11/17/eeaf310086d34d4692925147f7754272_s.JPEG","mListpattern":1,"mSharePic":"","mSharePic_s":"","mTxt":"","masterChannelJsonUrl":"","messenger":"","moVideoOsspath":"","moVideoPath":"","offlineTime":"","openPraise":1,"operator":"","operatorTime":"","originalOrNot":0,"otherUrl":"","payAmount":0,"picList":[],"pics":0,"praiseCount":0,"publishTime":"2023-11-17 08:49:25","pushMsg":"","relNewsId":"","relNewsUrl":"","relateNews":[],"relateTopic":[],"reporter":[],"reporterArr":[],"reviewState":1,"reviewerId":"","shareCount":0,"sharePoster":"","shorttitle":"","showTitle":false,"siteId":"2b0cbbb1d563414393513f147f7e9799","sort":0,"sourceName":"","sourceType":"","sourceUrl":"","state":3,"tally":"","title":"德企研制出无需稀土元素电动机","txt":"<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;\"><strong>参考消息网11月17日报道 <\/strong>据德国《商报》网站11月14日报道，不用来自亚洲的超强磁铁也可以造出性能优异的电动汽车：汽车业在寻找稀土替代品方面正取得进展。一些国家限制了几种重要原材料的出口，促使汽车制造商和配件供应商加大了新技术研发力度。德国汽车配件供应商采埃孚公司的首席技术官奥特马尔·沙勒称，该行业目前正在实现技术飞跃，“这有助于我们进一步减少对外国的依赖”。<\/p><p style=\"text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;\">报道称，采埃孚公司新研发的电动机没有采用由钕和其他稀土元素制成的永磁体，而是采用了电磁体。<\/p><p style=\"text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;\">电动机需要用磁体将电能转化为机械能。用稀土元素制作的磁体是永磁体。电磁体则仅在电流通过铜线圈时才会产生磁场，形成磁力。这种技术叫“他励”。<\/p><p style=\"text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;\">报道指出，采埃孚并非唯一在这个方向上加大研发力度的公司。沙勒说，前几年只有宝马和雷诺使用他励系统，但今后可能会有更多制造商加入。<\/p><p style=\"text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;\">宝马公司电动机开发项目经理乌韦·多伊克说，宝马在2016年就决定不再使用稀土。他说，这并不容易，“是一场与成见的斗争”。<\/p><p style=\"text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;\">永磁电动机功率特别强劲，尤其是在启动时。但多伊克说，电磁铁可以更加精准地调控。他解释说：“他励电动机在性能特点上并没有缺陷，还可以持续输出峰值功率。永磁电动机做不到这一点。”<\/p><p style=\"text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;\">如何让他励电动机小型化是个问题，毕竟电磁体必须被铜线缠绕并接电，而永磁体无需这些东西。采埃孚的沙勒说，他的公司已经解决了这个问题。他还说，采埃孚正在与美国、欧洲和亚洲的客户谈判，该公司的他励电动机可能会在两年内量产。<\/p><p style=\"text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;\">他励电动机还有成本优势。一台永磁电动机平均含约600克钕。钕的价格最近大幅波动，目前约为每公斤125美元，虽然明显低于2022年的223美元，但仍几乎是2020年的两倍。德国纬湃科技公司的工程师格尔德·勒泽尔说，使用他励电动机可以避免受这种价格波动影响。纬湃科技为雷诺的一款电动汽车提供了不需要永磁体的电动机。<\/p><p style=\"text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;\">其他公司，例如初创企业尼伦磁铁公司，则寄希望于氮化铁等不含稀土元素的永磁体。特斯拉公司最近宣布，将在其下一代车辆中使用不含稀土的永磁电动机，但这需要新材料。<\/p><p style=\"text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;\">咨询公司IDTechEx的分析师詹姆斯·埃德蒙森说，稀土一涨价，汽车制造商就加大了研发力度。许多企业都在密切关注本国政府是否会限制外国原材料的使用，就像美国通过其《通胀削减法案》所做的那样。埃德蒙森说：“它们因此储备了其他技术。”（编译/王勍）<\/p><p><br/><\/p>","url":"","userId":"3a6305a95afb49ee8465507173cc9c60","userName":"参考消息","videosClipState":0,"videosState":0,"visitCount":0}